Vikram Pandit

Vikram Pandit became CEO of Citigroup in 2007, shortly before the financial crisis struck. Citigroup received three separate government bailouts totaling $45 billion and extensive loss guarantees during the crisis. Pandit oversaw the asset disposals and capital raises that allowed Citigroup to survive, including the repayment of government assistance. He was abruptly dismissed by the board in October 2012 amid concerns about strategy and management effectiveness. He subsequently founded the Orogen Group, focusing on financial services investments in emerging markets. The Orogen Group has invested in fintech platforms across South and Southeast Asia, reflecting Pandit's belief that digital financial services infrastructure in emerging economies represents one of the most compelling long-term investment themes in global finance.