Martin Pring

Martin Pring began his career in the investment industry in the 1970s and became one of the most prolific writers on technical analysis. His book "Technical Analysis Explained" — first published in 1980 and now in its sixth edition — has become one of the standard comprehensive references for technical analysts, covering the full spectrum of technical tools including chart patterns, oscillators, moving averages, volume analysis, intermarket relationships, and long-term cycle analysis. Pring also developed the KST (Know Sure Thing) oscillator — a smoothed momentum indicator designed specifically for identifying longer-term market turning points by combining multiple rate-of-change timeframes into a single composite oscillator. The KST has been particularly used for long-term macro cycle analysis and is applied to equity indices, commodities, and currencies. Pring has written over a dozen books on technical analysis and market cycles, including "Investment Psychology Explained" and "Pring on Price Patterns." He runs Pring Research, which publishes market commentary and technical analysis education. His emphasis on long-term economic and market cycles — the connection between monetary policy, business cycle stages, and asset class performance — reflects his view that technical analysis is most powerful when integrated with macro cycle awareness.